Davinos Greeno asked:


Depending on one’s level of commitment this can include not using certain medicines because they are tested for safety on animals. A Vegan will not buy or use animal products whether that’s a steak, an egg, bread with milk in it or leather shoes. The overall goal of veganism is to reduce animal suffering, environmental damage, hunger in the developing world and risks to our own health. Veganism takes all those advantages just a little further. For very many people concerned about any or all of these problems, it seems the natural step to take from vegetarianism.

Why do people choose to become Vegan?

Animal Welfare - Despite the common belief that drinking milk or eating eggs does not kill animals, commercially raised dairy cows and egg-laying chickens, whether factory-farmed or ‘free range,’ are slaughtered when their production rates decline, not to mention the appalling conditions to which they are kept. There is an ongoing debate on the finer points of what constitutes an animal product; The Vegan Society and most vegans include insect products such as honey in their definition as well.

The environment - Animal agriculture takes a devastating toll on the earth. It is an inefficient way of producing food, since feed for farm animals requires land, water, fertilizer, and other resources that could otherwise have been used directly for producing human food.

Health - The consumption of animal fats and proteins has been linked to heart disease, colon and lung cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, obesity, and a number of other debilitating conditions. Cows’ milk contains ideal amounts of fat and protein for young calves, but far too much for humans. According to Gill Langley, a Ph.D. in biology and author of Vegan Nutrition, “it is clear from the example of many thousands of vegans worldwide that a varied plant-based diet not only supports health and well-being but, additionally, can have positive health benefits” (Langley 1995). A vegan diet is protective against such major killers as heart disease and cancer.

Eating fewer animal products is a good choice for the environment and your conscious. Animal agriculture produces surprisingly large amounts of air and water pollution, and causes 80 percent of the world’s annual deforestation. It also requires large amounts of water, and livestock worldwide consumes half the world’s total grain harvest.

How Do I Know it’s Vegan?

When shopping, look out for the vegan society logo. It appears on thousands of animal free products that have been registered with The Vegan Society.

You will need to examine the packaging and labelling carefully of all non registered products to ensure that you avoid animal by-products such as gelatin and rennet which can be found in everyday items such as children’s sweets.



Katelyn

Judd Snell asked:


Laws not only relate to mortal beings, there are also laws stitching to animals. We have the animal welfare law as represented by PAWS and PETA. There’s also the law about exotic pets.

However, there is a range from city-to-city. A law in one city may not smear to another stately. If you own an exotic pet, stop first with your next vicinity about the restrictions in owning them.

There are restrictions in exotic pet laws because the animal must be protected even more when they are separated from their untreated haunt. Also, there is a possibility that the vendor who adopts the exotic insect may not be able to afford the right home, diet and precision to the owner.

The senses is that since these animals can be sold to the confusion’s zoo - capturing and smuggling of exotic creatures are rampant in a question where there is an exotic creature. It’s also better to think of your neighbors. There’s no knowing what could happen if you have a squally animal in your patch. What if it escapes? If it does, it could form great warning to the municipal.

For example, look at these earlier studies: - In Arizona, there is a dealer who was able to retail tigers from a tiniest $900 to a most $7000. The assess depends on the blush of the tiger, as well as the gender. The children chimp has the going charge of $50,000.

- The most frequently reserved crazy creature in the US is the tiger. About 10% of 5,000 to 7,000 tigers are kepts in tiger sanctuaries and zoos. Some of them live in roving shows with the ensemble, circuses and big cat rescues for entertainment. Some people even tame them and make them their pets so the deferment in they’re owners’ backyard.

- Tigers actually kill people and nine people have died in the last nine existence. Every year, studies show that almost a 100,000 people are in threat of contacting the salmonella infection which comes from reptiles. The US Food and Drug Administration didn’t allocate the sales and import of turtles minor than 4 inches.

Studies also show that the businesses of fierce and exotic animals that are eventually tamed are estimated to be meaning $15 billion each year. Wild animal traded value billions of dollars. One fourth of untamed animal trade is dishonest. This is the poaching of elephants and tigers. It’s disturbing to find out that the flash moneymaker on the black market, a close moment after trading drugs and weapons, is the criminal trade of exotic animals.

That is why the legislatures not only considers wellbeing of creature beings, they also find the time to found laws to safeguard exotic animals. As mentioned earlier, animals, be it the tamed or the squally, deserve to have rights, just like us humans.



Layla

Matthew Homfray asked:


Caring for wildlife presents many challenges. Veterinarians are seldom familiar with the biology or veterinary care of most of the wild species that are presented to them for examination and treatment. This is compounded by the fact that there are often strict laws governing the protection of wildlife species which must be abided by, not to mention the numerous ethical dilemmas.

Are vets duty bound to deal with wildlife casualties?

Over the last 20 years, the attempted rehabilitation of injured wild animals has become widespread. Many of those involved are members of the public with varying levels of experience and training. Veterinarians have often assisted in such activities to some degree, and there are several reasons why this occurs and will continue despite the usual absence of any financial remuneration.

Many vets do not mind offering their assistance because:

1. Professional ethics dictate that a veterinarian should provide attention to an animal of any species in an emergency.

2. Legislation in some countries specifies that only a registered veterinarian can carry out certain tasks, making the profession obliged to provide a service.

3. Treating wildlife can be good publicity for veterinary practices, via local newspaper articles and TV or radio mentions.

4. As more and more studies reveal links between pet and wildlife diseases, knowledge of wildlife is increasingly important if vets are to understand the transmission and pathogenesis of certain diseases.

5. Some vets enjoy the challenges of treating wild animals, adding variety to their day and providing a feeling of altruistic satisfaction.

What are the ethics of treating wildlife?

Potential issues include:

Does the rescuer know enough about the biology and natural history of the species to be able to fulfil all its dietary and husbandry needs?

Does the rescuer have suitable facilities to keep the animal in, not just in the emergency period but also at a later date during recovery, when the animal might need more space and become difficult or dangerous to handle?

Could the animal pick up an infection during captivity that it could then transfer to other wild animals on release?

Does the animal have good long term prospects? Will it be able to return successfully to the wild, as the law often requires, or will it have to remain in captivity?

If the animal has to remain in captivity forever, is this against its welfare interests and is the cost of long term care feasible? Remember, an animal born in captivity is completely different to one accustomed to the wild and then forced into captivity due to injury. Though usually an unpopular decision with the general public, often euthanasia at an early stage is the most humane action a veterinarian can take. Euthanasia is the sensible option if the veterinarian decides that the needs of the animal cannot be satisfied, and if there are no alternative options such as local wildlife rehabilitation centres.

The success of rehabilitating an injured wild animal is measured by whether they are able to prosper when returned to the wild. However, this in itself is impossible to measure. Numerous animals have been released back to their habitats over the years, but their fates remain a complete mystery.

What are the legal implications of treating wildlife?

The first point of note is that the law regarding wildlife rehabilitation is changed from time to time, and it is important to be aware of the current law. The law also varies between countries, for simplicity any laws referred to below are those currently valid in the UK.

Animals injured on protected land, or in a restricted area, might require a permit to be obtained before the rescuer is allowed to take it. Taking game species requires the landowners consent, to avoid accusations of poaching. An animal may only be taken if it is sick or injured, and only kept until it is no longer disabled. An animal may only be killed if it is too ill or badly injured to stand a reasonable chance of survival.

Catching the injured animal can itself be a feat. Certain traps are inhumane and illegal, while other methods such as nets and firearms require authorization.

Transporting a wild animal has certain legal requirements, namely that the animal must not be caused unnecessary suffering or injury while being transported.

A written record should be kept detailing the circumstances of the rescue and ownership, and this should accompany the animal wherever it is transported to.

Generally the person looking after the rescued wild animal does not need a license to do so. However, certain animals do require registering with the local environmental governing body. Some birds must be ringed and some dangerous animals, such as venomous snakes, require special licenses. Veterinarians usually have a 6 week period during which they can hospitalise an injured animal that would normally require a license, before they are required to apply for one.

There are also rules governing the type of intervention allowed, according to the level of training. While lay persons are permitted to give first aid in an emergency, only veterinarians are allowed to give medical or surgical treatment.

Many countries have laws concerning the care for an animal once it is in captivity. Usually a bird must be kept in a cage large enough for it to be able to stretch both its wings fully.

The laws regarding the release of wildlife necessitate careful deliberation of all the health, welfare, ethical and legal aspects. A balance has to be struck between the legal obligation to release a casualty if it is fit, and risking the accusation that the animal has been abandoned if it is not quite fit enough.



Kayla

Jos Graf asked:


If those who consume mass meat products could witness either a) the conditions 95% of the animals in the factory farm industry have to endure, or b) the loss that is accruing in humanity’s inner life due to this animal abuse  - the industry would grind to a halt overnight.  Surely the human race cannot be as diabolical as its relationship with the animal kingdom suggests.

     - the Earth Vision project, 2008

Recently, although an omnivore in my own diet, and given to eating some meat (organically and humanely raised), I was ready to give up on humanity, a species that was continuing to allow acute brutality and suffering to visit animals (could this be the same humanity that initiated the SPCA?  Or was that a mere ruse toward humane treatment of non-human species?). 

However, I was not aware, at the time, of certain developments that gave cause for hope.  For example, some European countries are slated to ban the harshest aspects of factory farming.  And speculation suggests that the entire European Union will go on board in the (hopefully) near future.  This development, in turn, will generate pressure upon North America to eventually follow suit.

 And on this continent, the state of California has recently put forward a proposition to oppose the worst aspects of factory farming.

The real picture

The crowded conditions of factory farming require the use of increasing dosages of antibiotics and pesticides to maintain operations.

These chemical applications (through which the pharmaceutical industry is reaping obscene profits), it turns out, amount to the cultivation of superbugs that will almost certainly assail humanity in devastating ways.

The degradation of cattle is linked to the rise in Alzheimer’s disease, as the human brain gives way to a spongiform condition.  Contrary to popular opinion, cows are still being forced to be cannibalistic, as they are fed blood, bone meal, and other miscellaneous aspects of other cows (no brain matter, but most everything else).  And testing for Mad Cow currently involves only a tiny fraction of overall herds.  Further, because Mad Cow can take ten years to manifest, it is estimated that thousands of infected cows per year are likely entering the system.   If you are still eating beef, run like hell the other way!

(And see The Return of Bison and Wolf for an alternative.)

Environmentally, manure and wastes from combined animal operations account for three times as much waste as humans produce, wastes that commonly go untreated. This waste is contributing to emissions that are rapidly warming the planet and creating water pollution and \”dead zones\” nationwide.

 The factory farm industry, and the wealthy and powerful agricultural and pharmaceutical lobbies, are at this moment fighting laws that would mandate the provision of information on toxic emissions.

Many North Americans and Europeans cite the cost of food as a reason to both avoid choosing organic food and to continue the barbarism against animals.  In fact, the cost of food in North America is extremely low.  Consider how in many Third world countries vast numbers of people are working all day just to feed themselves.  That is truly expensive provision!  In the developed countries, food  - even if buying all organic and humanely raised food  - is very inexpensive.

The factory farm issue is not at all a question of affordability.  Rather, and quite remarkably, when we consider the economic impacts of environmental damage, human health impact (already big, but only the tip of the iceberg), socioeconomic impact, not to mention the weighty load of nasty karma diners-on-suffering-flesh are surely accruing. . . it’s becoming clear now that we cannot afford to continue factory farming.

Some of the ingredients in animal factory feed translate, ultimately, into what they are feeding you:  excessive grain (not a natural diet for cattle  - leads to liver and digestive imbalances and illnesses); shredded bits of plastic(!) in lieu of natural roughage; meat from the same species (cannibalizing effect, leads to BSE, avian bird flu, lots more to come); animal by-products (so-called “animal protein products” -  rendered feathers, hair, skin, hooves, internal organs, beaks, bones; drugs and chemicals (needed due to over-crowding).

Numerous forms of abuse

Foie gras, in fact diseased liver,  is produced by force-feeding ducks and geese an unnatural amount and type of food until their livers become diseased and enlarge up to ten times their normal, healthy size. More than a dozen countries, California, and the city of Chicago, have all legislated against foie gras production on animal welfare grounds.

Routine mutilations, usually without anesthesia, include castration, de-beaking, de-toeing, tail docking, and others.

As a final aspect of exploration on this issue, let us use the domestic chicken as a point of departure, in order to explore the difference between, on the one hand, the abused and obliterated non-entity that factory farming creates, versus the dynamic being that became a close companion to humanity several thousand years ago:

 Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus), ornate, exotic, adorned in fiery, multi-hued plumage, prefers forest edges.  Originating in the foothills of the Himalayas, the jungle fowl is equally at home where it can retreat into the protection of a dim thicket, or emerge to explore opportunities in open spaces.  When kept as pets, chickens are known to exhibit intelligent behavior. The rooster of the species displays remarkable nerve, often fearlessly confronting a being 20 times its size.  Dubbed the Herald of Dawn, in more ways than one it delivers a wake up call.  In the human cultural context, its call is said to mean “liberation from darkness.”

 The time has come to do just that, on behalf of all domesticated species.  Picture the highest form of existence  - for cattle, pigs, chickens, all the beings we have domesticated  - free-ranging, healthy, able to fulfill their lives.  And, rather than being abused in a process of obliviation, imagine enabling our animal companions to evolve further, to a higher state of being, that which is their true destiny.

 Picture humanity freeing itself, as well, evolving the qualities and resources of the inner tapestry that weaves in tandem with its companion animals.  The two are inseparable.

Co-evolution is calling.

To view the full version of this article, and access further links and resources on this issue visit the Earth Vision site



Alyssa

Paul Kramer asked:


This winter flea guide will help defy the common belief shared by most people that flea cannot survive during the winter time. On the contrary, fleas do thrive during the winter season, especially indoors. Most importantly, after a very wet winter in most areas and the weather starts to turn warm during spring, that’s when most flea and tick infestation is most likely to erupt.

That is why a year-round prevention and treatment campaign is best encouraged to help lessen, if not fully prevent, such thing from ever happening. This is especially alarming to know that our homes provide the perfect breeding spot for fleas because it provides enough warmth for the fleas to thrive and breed, regardless of the season. As they need warm temperature to survive, they can find a perfect spot to live on our bedding, inside our homes, and the yard.

We cannot emphasize more what the presence of such creatures can do to our health, including that of our pet dogs and cats. They are the ones most vulnerable to these forms of attack, and it is necessary to start at your home and environment before they can start infesting our well-loved pets. The effect of the infestation on your pets, whether it is small or serious cases, can be damaging to your pet’s health. Some would start shedding hair, or suffer from irritation once infested with fleas. So, when you notice these symptoms, better head to your veterinarian and have the animal checked.

Once a flea infests, for example, your dog and they bite the animal’s body, the saliva of the insect will cause a reaction on the dog’s immune system. Then, substances called immunoglobulin will be produced and in turn cause the itching. Furthermore, it may also cause a chronic flea allergy which can be detected by tiny red bumps on the base of your dog’s tail, self-induced scratches, as well as thickened skin.

Other more serious, even life-threatening, diseases and infection that fleas can bring are the flea allergy dermatitis after suffering from a flea bite, hair loss and skin abrasions (also from a flea bite), tapeworms for your pets, and even anemia. Knowing the real threat it poses to everyone’s health, there is no other time to postpone the efforts to combat possible flea infestation.

Whenever you notice those symptoms appear, you must readily find a treatment for these allergies or consult with your veterinarian to know what form of treatment to use on your pets. There are several flea control products available on the market nowadays but each one have their own specifications, so never assume that they will all do the job.

One other thing that you need to consider is the extent of the dog’s problem. There is a pill that must be taken in order to remedy a dog’s condition, while there are also other topical solutions that may be applied onto your pet’s hair to kill adult fleas living in there. So, whether you are experiencing a hot, humid weather, or even during winter time, make sure to have any of these flea treatments ready just in case you might need them.

You must do so especially be extra cautious during humid weather because that is critical to the flea’s survival. More than taking proper care of your pets, taking care of your environment would also eliminate this problem. This winter flea guide puts together efforts to help ensure that you improve your housekeeping procedures at all times, no matter what time of the year.



Nicholas

Jason Swanson asked:


Dog shelters or Dog pounds are governmental or private shelter houses for stray or abandoned dogs and provide shelter to these animals until they find foster-homes, are claimed by previous owners or placed in other similar institutions. Dog shelters are the best possible sources of pet dogs for low-income families. 

Some of these shelters are the so-called kill shelters, which mean that if a dog has health or temperamental problems that are no longer manageable within the available resources, then it will be euthanized or “killed kindly”. At times even healthy dogs need to be euthanized due to lack of space or funding. 

Some shelters, usually in the private sector choose to be No-kill shelters. These provide support to healthy and adoptable dogs for the rest of their lives or until they find other owners. However the drawback is that many animals are not accepted in these shelters due to lack of funds or space limitations.  A few of the private dog shelters provide low-cost spaying and neutering before the dogs are placed. Often initial veterinary care and vaccination (except rabies) are also provided to these animals. 

Many aspiring dog-owners prefer pet shops to obtain their pets. However many of these dogs end up in dog shelters or are simply left out on the streets. Animal welfare organizations are now working to create awareness among the general public about the large number of adoptable dogs available in various dog shelters and the often-poor condition of dogs in the pet shops.  Once you do decide to adopt a dog from a dog shelter, the best would be to search for such organizations in your area in your local yellow papers. You may also search on the Internet for “dog shelters” or “animal shelters” with the name of your city.  After you find such a facility, you should visit it a few times and observe the staff interacting with the dogs while they go about their chores of cleaning the runs and feeding the animals. Note the behavior of the staff towards the dogs, and vice versa. It will help you in deciding if you want to adopt a dog from this particular facility or not. 

Many of these dogs might already be home trained. However no history is usually available on stray dogs. But if you research well you are very likely to find a dog that is most appropriate for your particular economic and domestic situation. And most importantly you just might have saved an animal from being euthanized or having to live in a shelter house all his life.  So if you are a dog-lover on the lookout for a worthy canine companion, the nearest dog shelter is the place to go shopping.



Conchita

Kadence Buchanan asked:


Dog adoption is made easy through the countless animal welfare organizations and animal shelters existing in every city across the United States. With literally thousands of adoptable dogs listed, a prospective dog owner can select to adopt a dog that needs a wonderful family to go to and be loved. In fact, when you search through these shelters and find a puppy, you are doing a great service to the community and to the local dog rescue or animal shelter that you went for your dog, cat, kitten, or puppy adoption. Thus, you should not hesitate! You should go today to your local area’s shelter facilities and practically support dog and puppy adoption. But before you exit such a life-saving premise, you should first consider some important factors that will shape your decision.

In fact, you are interested in getting a dog from a shelter you can increase your chances of completing a successful adoption if you make some observations and you are not afraid to ask the shelter’s personnel some necessary questions. Begin by visiting the shelter several times and watch the interaction of the staff members with the animals. Pay attention to how they treat, clean and behave to them and if possible keep notes of their attitude towards the dogs in general and the one you are considering of adopting in specific.

A buyer who chooses to adopt a shelter animal instead of buying a puppy should be just as careful in his choice and as selective of a place to adopt as the puppy buyer should be in his choice of a breed and a puppy. This is mainly due to diseases and lack of proper care. Although dogs are vaccinated against common canine diseases when they enter a shelter, they do not always receive immediately the appropriate vaccinations, especially if they have been already exposed to a disease while roaming the streets. In addition, if the shelter keeps each dog in different compartments, but a chain type of fence separates them from each other-meaning that their nose can be in direct contact-then illness are possible to be transferred from one dog to another. Furthermore, if their feces are not picked up regularly and their cells are not cleaned properly, worms and other feces-spread diseases are possible. Thus, ask the shelter’s veterinarian to perform a thorough background physical check on the dog you have set your eyes on and take proof of their vaccination before exiting the shelter or clinic.

Finally, you should be aware that owning a dog is a big responsibility. Apart from their need to be fed regularly depending on their size and breed, dogs have to be taken outdoors, and they often require medical care. Although it is a disaster that many people fail to recognize these and other issues beforehand, you should not decide to adopt a dog based on an impulse. It has to be a well-thought decision that takes under consideration how much time you have available everyday, what is your current lifestyle, and which are your living accommodations. Thinking beforehand where the dog shall live once it enters your house premises is as important as teaching your kids not to be afraid of the hairy new family addition-some children might even get jealous or afraid of a new dog. Plan ahead, research extensively and be well-prepared in order to enjoy for many years to come the amazing company and unique companionship a dog can offer to everyone in your family.



Ashley

Tiffany E. Sutton asked:


This time of year, shelters and foster homes are completely overwhelmed with trying to care for dogs and cats. They literally have no more space! What does this mean? It means that over 800 dogs and cats or puppies and kittens will be euthanized every hour of every day. If you don’t spay and neuter your pets, this is 100% your fault. No bones about it.

People like me who care for ferals, rescue homeless animals that are stranded or even foster animals have lives, careers, families and our own pets. We use our own time and money to help these homeless animals because if we don’t, who will? For every feral cat that is walking around pregnant or every dog that goes into heat, there is an irresponsible human to blame. Not having the money is no excuse. There are spay/neuter clinics in every major city that will sterilize your pet for free. There are low-cost vet clinics everywhere.

For every person that leaves a box of kittens in front of an animal shelter or gives away a litter of puppies in front of Wal-Mart, you are contributing to the problem. If those of us in the animal welfare community could have you sterilized, believe me, we would. As irresponsible breeds irresponsible. Only 1 of every 10 dogs ever finds a loving and permanent home. Only 1 of every 12 cats ever finds a loving and permanent home. There are homeless animals everywhere and this issue is beyond out of control. Many of these animals will literally starve or freeze to death this winter. This is a sad fact that most of society chooses not to know.

If you breed animals and sell them, you are contributing to the death of shelter animals who are waiting to be adopted. So, the best thing people can do is only adopt from shelters (do NOT purchase from breeders) and please spay and neuter your pets. There is no excuse in not doing this, at least none that anyone will find acceptable. Sweet, loving and deserving animals who are waiting to be adopted are euthanized by the thousands. Their only crime was being born. If you will make it your personal policy to be responsible for your pets and educate your own friends and family on this issue, the entire animal population will benefit greatly.

Many members of society burden others because of their own lack of responsibility. No animal or person should have to suffer because of this. It all starts with you. If you are adult enough to pay taxes or buy alcohol, you should be adult enough to spay and neuter your pet.

-TE Sutton



Mackenzie

Samuel Bryant asked:


When identifying a need for a library a person must identify the needs to the organization or community. If, for example, we want to create a special library for a humane society or animal shelter that has a significant presence online then we must identify the needs of the veterinarians, veterinary technicians, gardeners, landscapers, Web development programmers, business development specialists, public relations staff, graphic designers, website managers, media producers, member services staff, marketing staff, adoption coordinators, vegetarian cooks, members, human resources staff, and volunteers. Not only would a library be beneficial for the workers and volunteers, but it would also supply the adopters with information on the care of their new cat or dog. The library would be open to visitors of the shelter and would be an area of attraction for potential adopters.

The needs of each animal can differ quite a bit and experts are rarely supervising, which demonstrates the need for organized and easily accessible information. While the collection of library materials needs to be diverse enough to correspond with the variety of clients, the collection must also be specific and specialized to adhere to the veterinarian-centered focus of the organization. The American Booksellers Association and BookWire, which gives access to thousands of book stores, will help with the selection of books. Another prime location for discovering appropriate books is on ALA’s Booklist site online. To get the library started with the initial round of serials I looked at veterinary libraries around the United States to get an idea of what they are using.

EBSCOhost is of great interest because it contains 83 veterinarian-related journals and provides a very broad spectrum of other topics that may fall under some of the other topic categories performed at Best Friends. There are another 171 veterinarian-related journals that are not represented on EBSCOhost but will be considered for subscription in addition to EBSCOhost. The library should subscribe to PubMed because of its subcategory of veterinary medicine. Some other databases of particular interest are BIOSIS Previews, ConsumerLab, Current Contents Connect, European Veterinary Information, Network of Animal Health (Noah), Veterinary Information Network (VIN), CAB Abstracts, Vet College Literature Database, WildPRO, AGRICOLA, Animal Health and Production Compendium, Biological Abstracts, BioOne Abstracts and Index Database (BAID), Wildlife Worldwide, and Zoological Record.

There should be three main sections of the library—the non-circulating reference section where the computer terminals and printer will be located; the reading room where all the extra categories of text will be placed such as business development, Web development, public relations, media production, and vegetarian cooking. The third section of the library will be the biggest and will contain all the books, tapes, and periodicals on topics related to human-animal interactions and the well-being of all animal species including a heavy emphasis on veterinary medicine. Other topics in this section will include animal facilitated therapy, animal rights, cultural attitudes, ethics, farm animal welfare, pet loss, zoo/captive animal welfare, etc.

There should be at least two computers dedicated to searching the catalog and accessing e-books, and e-journals. There should be at least three more computers that will provide access to the catalog, but will also provide access to the internet. In order to provide these services the library will need staff. In order to provide effective services the library will need more than a couple of staff members. In my estimation of the library facilities and services there should be five—three professional and two paraprofessional librarians.

To accommodate the collection and staff, the library needs to be housed in a location with at least 1,500 square feet of space. The implementation of a staffed library will be the tool the organization needs in order to improve upon the effective treatment and housing of animals, and the efficiency with which this task is performed.

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Chase